Moral Universalism Vs Ethnocentrism Commerce Essay

incorrupt Universalism Vs Ethnocentrism Commerce EssayIn todays scenario the passenger car across the globe be quite foc utilise and clear when its comes to lesson or ethical behavior because straightway a days in that location is a tremendous pressure from people, g everyplacenment and an different(prenominal) concern bodies to do business ethically. Multi nationals is the oneness who has to solve that what kind of approach they want to observe in their business process. Business ethics are the principals which are used to do business in a proper manner. This report is a critical assessment of ethical and moral scraps face by multinational companies in their overseas business operations.Moral Universalism Vs EthnocentrismIt is really difficult to delimit a similar set of rules of morality and ethics for each and all(prenominal) country of the creation because all country, every religion, every community has their witness likes and dislikes, their proclaim set of rules, preferences, understanding etc. so its become very difficult for an geological formation to formed a similar set of rules which gutter be applied in each and every country of the adult male. The finale to set moral look upons differs from place to place in which an organization is doing business.In Moral Universalism some set of ethics is accepted globally regardless of culture, race, sex, religion, nationality. These are certain set of ethics which are globally practiced. Moral Universalism is broader approach when is come to apply ethics globally.Example there are many examples where we see moral universalism used globally. The approximately commonalty example of moral universalism is the equality in the workplace regardless of your gender. This is the most common example of moral universalism when global moral and ethics are used in every country without any hesitation.Ethnocentrism is the approach in which moral or the culture of a particular place, country or or ganization is judged accordingly to the standards set by a particular person, root or country. This style is very narrow in its approach and not widely accepted. Ethnocentrism in general believed to be subtle and overt in its approach. encrypt of ConductA number of organizations across the globe developed their own code of conduct when it comes to doing business overseas. Many organizations shake hands with other organizations in the ground to develop a certain set of standards which notify be used globally. Companies such as Avon (cosmetics), Sainsbury Plc. (a food retailer in the United Kingdom (UK)), Toys R Us (toy retailer) and Otto Versand (clothing retailer) have joined with the Council on Economic Priorities (CEP) to establish SA8000 (Social Accountability 8000, on the lines of the manufacturing quality standard ISO9000). (G.MEHALU, Kidus, 2011) about standards which are globally accepted are as keep an eye onsDo not use child labor at work place.Dont use laboured labor .Provide safe operative environment.Pay at at least(prenominal) minimum struggle to the workers.There are four major organizations which mainly decide the code of conduct for multinational across the globe planetary Chamber of Commerce.Organization for Economic Cooperation development.International Labor Organization.United nation commission on transnational corporations. (G.MEHALU, Kidus, 2011)Factors impact Moral and Ethical mannerStage of moral development- There are various stages involved in the development of moral of an individual. Starting from pre conventional, then to conventional when one tries to carry by dint of the expectations of others, then last stage is the self chosen path.Individual characteristics- Moral and ethical behavior likewise differ from person to person. Its totally ones select to decide what is right and what is revile.Structural factors- Structure of an organization is also affecting the ethical behavior and moral set of an individual.Orga nizational culture- Organization works culture plays a decisive role in employees thinking. The organization fit(p) the foundation stone in employees understanding of morality and ethical behavior. (G.MEHALU, Kidus, 2011)Case-1NIKE SweatshopNike is the world pioneer in the field of footwear and apparel manufacturing. It has the presence in over 140 countries across the globe with over 44000 workers. In the beforehand(predicate) 1990s, Nike wares were universe manufactured in six Indonesian factories, employing more than 25,000 workers. cardinal of these factories were owned by Nikes Korean suppliers. As Nikes presence in Indonesia increased, the factories planning its products (about six million pairs of shoes per year) came under greater scrutiny. Reports by a variety of NGOs and labor activists claimed that these plants were rife with exploitation, poor working conditions, and a strand of human rights and labor abuses. Many Indonesian shoe factories did not in time pay th e minimum daily wage (at the time, 2,100 rupiah or about US$1). They petitioned the Indonesian government for exemptions to the legal minimum wage, claiming it would cause them hardship to pay. tally to official Indonesian government calculations, this minimum daily wage save covered 70% of the basic needs of one individual let alone a family. Nikes Korean suppliers were seen as especially stingy with wages and abusive to local workers. (RICHARD M. LOCKE, Alvin J. Siteman, 2000)This case clearly shows that multinational organizations mould their rules and working style according to their preferences and according to the place where they are operating. What Nike does in Vietnam, Indonesia, Pakistan they bevel square do the same things in America or any other European countries because they have strict rules and regulation for the working environment.This a moral challenge which Nike faced during their operation in Asian countries however conjunction decide lower their standard of operations in so called terce world countries to make more profit.Nike not follow the same constitution of operation which they use in America or Europe. But they decide to go another way and do which is chastely and ethically wrong to make more profit margins (RICHARD M. LOCKE, Alvin J. Siteman, 2000).Case-2Coca Cola Controversy in IndiaCoca-Cola is one of the most recognizable brands on the planet, and also one of the worlds largest corporations. The companys pelf amounted to just under $15 billion in 2005, while its market place value is calculated at over $100 billion. Worldwide, more than one billion cans or bottles of Cola-Cola are consumed every day or 12,500 every second. But in 2004 in Kerala, Coca-Colas plant was forced to close push down after the village council refused to renew the companys license, on the grounds that it had over-used and dirty local water resources. Four months earlier, the Kerala High Court had ruled that Coca-Colas heavy stock from the common groundwater resource was illegal, and ordered it to seek option sources for its production. Local villagers, politicians, environmentalists and scientists foretell the closure of the Plachimada plant as a major victory, and are now attempting to have it make permanent. In addition to the depletion of the groundwater, analyses indicated that water extracted by Coca-Cola had been contaminated with potentially harmful foreign particles as it was drawn upwards through the various rock strata. The water subsequently became unfit for human pulmonary tuberculosis and even for irrigation purposes. (Coca Cola the alternative report, 2006)Coke follows a strict rules and regulations in the US and in other developed countries but in three world countries coke doesnt remain in its ethical and moral value which they follow in their home country. In India and in many Asian countries coke working policy is ethically and morally correct but they change their policies according to their ne ed (Coca Cola the alternative report, 2006).Coke which is world most trusted brand is doing the things which are not ethically and morally correct. They must follow the same practices which follow in U.S in other developed countries.Case-3Ethical issues of McDonalds in IndiaThe major issue was beef. Cow being sacred and worshipped, beef could not be served. Muslims did not eat pork. The challenge was to change the form of the worldwide popular Hamburger to make an intromission into India. With 25-30% of the population being vegetarian and a large majority eating meat, an alternative to beef and pork was necessary. The population of a billion was undoubtedly a promising opportunity for an international company. McDonalds accepted the challenge and created the Aloo Tikki Burger known as McAloo TikkiTM especially for the Indian vegetarian customers. Aloo- Tikki was a potato patty with spices. It also make a chicken and fish option available for the non vegetarians. McDonalds even f ree the non vegetarian cooking process and the vegetarian cooking process to convince the customers of the Shudh Shakahari Experience which inwardness pure vegetarian experience. In addition, the crew cooking vegetarian food was asked to wear super acid aprons. McDonalds in India was one of its kinds as it did not offer beef at all. In order to convince and change the perception of the customers about the burgers they offered, McDonalds made attempts to clarify their stand about beef in India. So the world famous hamburger was without meat. This was indeed a classic case of product adaptation, to gain foothold in a new market. (KULKARNI, Dr. Smita, 2009)McDonalds faces a authoritative ethical and moral challenge in India bur they accordingly and tries to follow the practices which are used in India instead of imposing their own preferences over the people. McDonalds handle this situation of cross culturalism and ethical value very smartly and not lend into any controversy as we already discussed above. shoemakers lastIn keeping with the examples discussed above, one can say that moral values and ethics are depends on organizations. Organizations have to decide their moral values and ethics and implement them accordingly. As in this case company working policy is debatable but you cant accuse them because they dont do it forcefully, and they also give back to the society.