Role of Ngos in Bangladesh

Role of NGOs in Bangladesh In all spheres of development, NGOs are reported to have created a landmark in the history of Bangladesh. NGOs as the proper alternative organizations have the vision of imagination, flexibility, autonomy, creativity, innovative machinery, experience resources and strategies of executing programmers including non formal constructive education. NGOs have different projects towards development.Doubtlessly to say, the NGOs with their constructive efforts have been promoting development strategies by creating unique changes in the field of socioeconomic progress in Bangladesh since her independence. Most of the endeavors made by the NGOs mainly targeted to achieve overall development of the country by meeting pragmatically or practically. The NGOs have their constructive mission in developing the country. They touch the fundamental elements of socio economic development of a country.If human resources are not properly used, it will be gradual inactive and usele ss for the country bringing no utility. The most important NGO innovation has been in the way they reach the poor. A group-based or target group mobilization strategy underpins virtually all development NGO programs aimed at service-delivery. Such an approach serves to fulfill not only the goal of economic improvement through direct targeting and beneficiary participation, but also that of social and institutional development through strengthening the organizing capacity of the poor to be more able to help them.The identification of credit as a critical need felt by the poor and subsequent designing of an efficient and cost-effective delivery mechanism to serve this need, have justifiably become the most will-known of the development NGO innovations in Bangladesh. The model pioneered by  Grameen Bank (GB)  has established micro-credit as the most widely replicated anti-poverty program in both government and development NGO sectors. The role of the development NGOs has been cruci al in a number of primary healthcare concerns, notably immunization and diarrhea control.NGOs have been particularly successful in effectively disseminating health through innovative media campaigns. Gains in immunization are already being reflected in reduced infant mortality. Universal awareness of oral dehydration therapy has also sharply cut down cases of diarrhoeal deaths. Low enrollment and high drop-out rates have been major problems that plague primary schools in Bangladesh. In response to this the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee(BRAC) pioneered a system of model is focused on poor children.It employs young Para-professional teachers (mostly female) drawn from the community. A strong emphasis is placed on parent and community involvement. Some NGOs undertake unique programs of technology transfer. Declining soil fertility is an emerging environmental concern. About eight NGOs are currently involved in ground-breaking farm-level innovations in fertilizer-use and pest-m anagement. These activities are complemented are developing an extension system for appropriate technology transfer to homestead agriculture.It encourages cultivation of a variety of fruits and vegetables and teaches the proper method of cooling. The result not only provides income but also improves the nutritional status of the family, particularly children. During the seventies and early eighties, irrigation led agriculture was promoted by the government agencies. Small farmers with an acre or less of land could not afford irrigation technology. In response to the need of the small and marginal farmers and also to promote crop diversification, NGOs developed low-cost irrigation technologies through research and experiment.

Gender Equality Essay

As a female working in a professional environment and living in a society that promotes economic, social and cultural rights I often find myself concerned with gender equality. Sometimes I feel that gender equality is just a myth, because, I have yet to see women promoted or granted the same salaries as their male counterparts in the workplace, or treated equally in society. Gender equality is the measurable equal representation of women and men; however, it does not imply that women and men are the same, but that they have equal value and should be accorded equal treatment. Women desire to live and work in a world where the equal dignity and worth of every individual is respected and valued. Women desire equal pay for equal work. This is one of the areas where gender equality is rarely seen. All too often women are paid less than men for doing the same work. Even though women hold some of the same job titles as men in their field of work, salaries are usually not equal. Another area of gender equality is suffrage (the right to vote). This area of gender equality does not extend to all the women in the world. Women in Saudi Arabia does not have the right t to vote; in the USA right wing commentators say that women should never have been given the right to vote(IPPF.Org). Other discrimination against women and girls includes gender-based violence, economic discrimination, and reproductive health inequities. A key topic has been women’s rights affording the ability to control their own fertility. This is absolutely fundamental to women’s empowerment and equality. When a woman can plan her family, she can plan the rest of her life. When she is healthy, she can be more productive. And when her reproductive right, which includes the right to decide the number, timing and spacing of her children, and to make decisions regarding reproduction free of discrimination, coercion, or violence. Despite many international agreements affirming their human rights, women are likely to be poor and illiterate, compared to men. . They usually have less access than men to medical care, property ownership, credit, training and employment. They are far less likely than men to be  politically active and far more likely to be victims of domestic violence(UNFPA.Org). It’s also about political will. Until each nation embrace policies to integrate women into leadership like their counterparts, women will not be viewed as equal throughout the world. Therefore, gender equality implies a society in which women and men enjoy the same opportunities, outcomes, rights and obligations in all aspects of life. Gender equality includes sharing equally in the distribution of power, influence, opportunities, financial independence, and access to education and jobs. A critical aspect of promoting gender equality is the empowerment of women to manage their own lives and personal ambitions. The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined — they are socially determined, changing and changeable. Some see them as being justified or required by culture or religion, however, these roles vary widely by locality and change over time(UNFPA.Org). References IPPF.Org (N.D) What is gender equality? Retrieved from http://ippf.org/our-work/what-we-do/gender/what-gender-equality Zahidi, Saadia(2014, January 22) How women will dominate the workplace BRIC by BRIC Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/22/opinion/how-women-will-dominate-the-workplace-bric/index.html UNFPA.Org(N.d.) Empowering Women Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/gender/empowerment.htm

HRM- Report - As HR Manager at Kenworth Hotels Essay

HRM- Report - As HR Manager at Kenworth Hotels - Essay Example The increase in expansion of businesses into multinational companies has led to great competition that has necessitated rise in demand for high tech and competitive managers. To become an effective manager, an individual needs to have broad knowledge about international affairs and different global cultures especially of the target market. This report is going to provide guidance on the appropriate selection process, training, remuneration, reward and promotion of manager to work for Kenworth Hotels in Spain. In so doing, the report will guide the audience into understanding various concepts of international labours, ethical practices; integration of businesses into international status. In the process, the report will highlight challenges and solutions for international companies. The report will also inform the executive of Kenworth Hotels about issues to give significant focus and concentration to ensure success of the intended foreign investment. However good, globalization came and has grown in magnitude and scope with particular problems and challenges that requires fixing or addressing for companies or businesses intending to expand internationally to achieve success. Some issues related to globalization tend to be serious to overwhelm the abilities of managers and individual companies to exercise control and regulation (Dewhirst 2012). The most common issues related to globalization or internationalization of companies include cultural incompatibilities, price wars, compliance to rules and regulations governing businesses operations and transfer of knowledge among others. To survive and emerge successful in the process of globalization, businesses need to identify and understand the challenges related to internationalization. International companies need to comply with the labour laws set and established by the governments of the parent and host countries. Usually, international companies especially those involved with

Electromagnetic induction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Electromagnetic induction - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that in magnetic induction, the induced elctromotive force or emf in a closed circuit would be equivalent to the time rate of the magnetic flux passing through the circuit. Electromotive force, emf is the energy gained per unit charge that passes through an electric conductor such as a generator. Emf in any circuit is measured in Volts, and a source to give the emf is applied to power up the circuit. On the other hand, in magnetic induction, the magnetic flux will refer to the amount of magnetism or the strength of a specific magnetic field.   Two laws are important in understanding and explaining electromagnetic induction. These are the Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law. Farad’s law states that any charge passing through a magnetic field of a coil of wire will produce a voltage (emf) to be induced in the conductor. A voltage will always be produced despite the charge of the conductor or the magnetic field. The figure below summarizes Faradyâ €™a Law by explaining how voltage is generated between a conductor and a magnetic field in what is termed as magnetic induction. On the other hand, Lenz’s law is an important law that explains how magnetic induction occurs, and how flux is generated in a magnetic field. In the definition of Faraday’s law above, any emf generated by a charge in a magnetic flux will have a polarity of the induced emf in a way that produces current, with a magnetic field opposing the charge producing it.... nition of Faraday’s law above, any emf generated by a charge in a magnetic flux will have a polarity of the induced emf in a way that produces current, with a magnetic field opposing the charge producing it. Therefore, Lenz law explains that the induced magnetic field in a loop of wire will at any time act to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. That is; an induced field will always act in the direction of an applied field in trying to keep it constant. This experiment was aimed at demonstrating the two laws and their applicability magnetic induction. Aim The aim of the practical was to investigate the behaviors of coils and magnets in a magnetic field created by current, testing Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, and testing the behavior of a transformer that uses the two laws above to produce electric current. Equipment provided Coils, LV transformer DC voltage source Analogue multimeter/ galvanometer Bar magnets and small compass. Safety Precautions in the Exp eriment Safety shoes were worn throughout the experiment, no damaged equipment or tool was used in the experiment, and all electric connections were ensured to have a grounding connection. In addition, before the experiment, all electrical equipment was well grounded to avoid any shaking, which could affect data collection. Procedure Two magnetic bars were placed and a compass used to trace any presence of a magnetic field and its direction at different points around the two magnetic bars as shown below. In measuring Iin In measuring inductance, an electronic bridge was used to measure the inductance of an air-core coil. The coil resistance was recorded, and the relevant dimensions of the set up measured and recorded. The following formula was then used to detect the number of turns of the coil L =

Fly Fishing - Method, Materials and Equipment Research Paper

Fly Fishing - Method, Materials and Equipment - Research Paper Example Fly Fishing Method - In fly fishing the pole used for fishing is much longer (about one and a half to two times longer) than the traditional one, The bait is fixed at the end of the pole in a flying to give an impression of a flying insect, which is later submerged in water cautiously to least disturb the swimming fishes. It is more natural in comparison to other methods used for fishing because of the tactic used, which needs profound practice before achievement. (GFF) Spin Casting for fishing; Spin casting is the other popular method of fishing that utilizes a spin casting reel at the top of the rod that is essentially the same as that of the spin rod. The equipment is operated with a thumb device. (OCES) The basic of the two tactics of fishing are contrary to each other. Hitherto, fly fishing can be stated better than spin casting based on the grounds that one can catch more trout and steelhead fly fishing than any other way. The other feature of fly fishing that gives it an edge on the other tactic includes the following. Precisely, the natural aspect of the tactics is enhanced due to use of ’lure’ for fish that is weightless and look like natural habitat food of fish. In addition, the methods of fly casting are also based on the ground features of the actual behavior of these food organisms that attract the fishes without leaving a sign of suspicion. Hence, fishes catch the bait as a bug out of the hatch that fish are feeding on at that time. A brief illustration of fly fishing will further assist the reader to get a clear picture view of the method. Materials and equipment need to fly fishing; the efficacy of the use of this method of fishing relies on the accuracy and proficiency of the right material at the right time for the right purpose. The basic materials and equipment used in fly fishing are illustrated below; Fly rod – and reel; the â€Å"lure† for fish is cast on fly rod and reel. These are the two essential pieces of equipment necessary for fishing.   The types, designs and functions vary as per the requirement of various fishing methods.

Operations Process and Projects, Assignment Questions Essay

Operations Process and Projects, Assignment Questions - Essay Example Nersesian (2002) defined operations management as the design, operation, and improvement of the system that create and delivers firms' products and service combinations. Moreover, it deals with the proper allocation of resources and the strategic acquisition of technology. Some managers contend that the external environment is too influential to be ignored. Therefore, operations management also includes the proper consideration of the outside entities as contributing agent that will eventually affect the performance of the firm. The external environment consists of the customers and other economic indicators that contribute to the success and failure of firms. The analysis of operations management is critical in the success of firms. Some practitioners have instituted organisations that specifically tackle issues concerning operations management. In the next discussion, manner in which IFS renovated its operations will be illustrated. It is interesting to examine the approaches used by IFS to address the current operational predicaments. Moreover, it is important to equate other processes that were excluded from the methods used by the company. IFS Limited is a manufacturing company primarily providing supplies for retail and other purposes. Although the company has continued to exist with relative success, recent setbacks have made the company revisit its operational procedures. In particular, clients have cited the lack of quality delivery provided by IFS. The specific complaints of the customers involve the failure to satisfy the delivery requirements in quantity. In addition, some clients have pointed that the company has failed to provide prior notices for failed orders. Furthermore, deliveries that were completed exceeded the agreed time causing delays in displaying the goods in retail outlets. It is indeed imperative to create a supply chain that allows more flexibility and eliminate the problems as identified by the consumers. Initially, the plan was to implement Agile Operations Initiative that secure top notch supply chain and will limit tendencies of tardiness in deliveries. The project has adapted advanced technologies and focused on communication as its core attribute. In addition, information is being updated to determine changes in trends especially in designing quality supply chain. Definitely, the process will require several changes and an evaluation of the current system used by the company which determined as problematic. The process involves the entire organisation and the attributes that combine with the entities. Developing the supply chain requires the similar methods used in project planning. Stages such as conception, development, implementation, and termination are important points to be considered. The company needs to specifically create a system that will integrate the positive attributes of the company and the operational procedures that provide positive short-term and long-term outcomes. Project Evaluation The extent of scope covered by the project is creatively established in the project. Forecasting is an effective mechanism and allows the strategist to determine trends in customer demands. The predictions based on previous orders will enable the company to design supply chain that is flexible and becomes highly responsive in periods when the demand is high. After the forecasts have

Bridge of Madison County Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bridge of Madison County - Essay Example The man in the pickup is Robert Kincaid, a photographer for National Geographic (Clint Eastwood), who has come to finish an article on the local bridges. He, however, is having some difficulty finding the Rosamunde Bridge. Francesca has problems describing how to get there so she goes along to show him. They seem to become friends quickly. Francesca, during the conversation invites Kincaid back to the farmhouse for dinner. Household meals are normally quiet and this one has lively conversation and interest. They seem to have a quick connection as they discuss their dreams. Francesco realizes though that she is attracted to this man and she has been very loyal to her husband is conflicted about the thoughts of betraying him. Francesca is in emotional turmoil as she falls in love with Kincaid but cannot betray her family or the man she is married to. While she is with Kincaid, she is a whole different person and of course as many people’s lives are sometimes changed by others, she cannot remain that way. Kincaid is also in love with Francesca and he tries to tell her that this kind of lover only comes along once in a lifetime and please do not throw it away. The favorite scene happens when Francesco has come to town with her husband. She goes out to get in the truck. As she sits there in the rain, a pickup truck pulls up. Kincaid is in the truck. He gets out, standing in the rain looking at Francesca and Francesca looking at him. She wants to go to him but doesn’t. When her husband comes out of the store, he gets in his truck. He pulls out and her husband pulls in behind him. He reaches in the glove compartment and pulls out her necklace and hangs it on the rearview mirror. She almost gets out of the truck to go with him but doesn’t. You are on the edge of the seat the whole time. You also know it is wrong for her to go but you want her to anyway. She doesn’t. In reality the movie tells the story of what happens when life

Regression Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Regression Analysis - Research Paper Example It may also direct the researcher to other relevant and useful research studies. According to the FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR) (2014) offenses such as motor vehicle theft, burglary, arson and larceny are all described as property crimes. All except arson involves the theft of money or property. In the case of arson, it represents damage to property. Motor vehicle theft and burglary are the two main property crimes of special interest because they are serious, prevalent and reliably measured by the FBI (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). Additionally, only 32% of larcenies are reported compared to more than 50% of burglaries (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). Several reasons are given for the difference in reporting rates and included among them is the requirement to report for insurance purposes. An important source of heterogeneity associated with the theft of motor vehicles is that a large proportion is stolen for joyriding as opposed to economic gain. The trends in crime statistics in the United States show a 16.3% decline in property crimes for the period 2004 to 2013 (FBI). In fact, burglary has been on a steady rate of decline since 1980 (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). An explanation for this might be increase in sanctions in relation to burglary which makes it less attractive than robbery. In terms of motor vehicle theft the trend which changed n the 1990’from one of an increase in rate per thousand changed to a decline. This trend is still continuing (Alfred Blumstein and Richard Rosenfeld 2008; 18). The theft of motor vehicles has been associated with the era of crack when they were stolen to trade for drugs and later to prevent their own motor vehicles from confiscation. In order to reliably forecast the property crime rate several factors have been assessed through various studies. Several

Laughter & Nutrition ( Creating Healing Environments) Assignment

Laughter & Nutrition ( Creating Healing Environments) - Assignment Example This video was relevant because it presented a soothing and comical approach to handling troubles of a person. It showed that the things that the individuals not in the video thought were so sad or wrong could not be so bad. They eventually found relief after thinking that they had been experiencing a horrible time. It shows that everything doesn’t have to be so gloomy even in places where gloom is prevalent. The context of the funny video resonated with the stressful experiences of the individuals I was helping to deal with stress. Eventually, they could identify with it and laugh and things unfolded. The video presented an example of coping humor. It has therapeutic capabilities of making people release their tensions and face situations more bravely and relaxed (Dossey and Keegan, 2012). The grass-fed beef is a food that is rich in antioxidants, Vitamins C, E and beta carotene. This is a better alternative from grain-fed beef because it is lower in fat and richer in Omega-3. Dossey and Keegan (2012) assert that foods rich in essential fatty acids, antioxidants and vitamins reduce the stress responses. Grass-fed beef contains these components and thus appropriate for consumption in the case. It can be prepared by frying. Preparation and cooking involves making small cuts of the beef, heating a pan containing a small amount of oil, seasoning with ingredients such as garlic and finally heating until the beef pieces are brown and cooked. The use of humor to relieve the embarrassment and tension that the recovery nurse faced shows the significant potential of handling of dealing with panic and confusion. The nurse finally recovered and did everything as required. This shows that a stressed person can cope well when he receives relief from his/her troubles. Pressure and increased demands to act in a certain way without errors can cause a person to fail. When this pressure is eliminates, as in the case of using a spoof of Justin Timberlakes

Auteurism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Auteurism - Essay Example However, nobody else believed the rain would fall as Noah had prophesied and hence all the people drowned except Noah’s family. In the Aronofsky’s film ‘Noah’, action starts by showing Noah being haunted by frightening visions that indicate that all humanity was faced with divine destruction as a punishment for their sin (Stasukevich, 2014). Another character was ‘Methuselah’ who was more of an advisor to Noah and was acted by Antony Hopkins. Accompanying Noah and Methuselah in the movie was his wife ‘Naameh’ acted by the Jennifer Connelly, and Noah’s children. Noah is portrayed building the Ark with only his family while the rest of the people watch in delusion. Methuselah is depicted to be living in a cave in a mountainous area. The people were led by Tubal Cain in rebellion and since they finally ignored God’s warning, they faced judgment. Tubal Cain was acted by Ray Winstone (Stasukevich, 2014). The film does not clearly display who the hero is between Tubal Cain and Noah. It is because Tubal Cain emerges sharply in action with strong influence over the people, only to perish with them in water. At some point, the rebelling people referred to as watchers, capture Noah and his family and put them in a pit. Therefore, Tubal Cain’s role in the film appears to be an anti-climax while the less action-oriented actor Noah emerges as the hero. Unlike in the real bible story, Noah is seen in a battle with Tubal Cain. The animals enter the Ark in a systematic manner, almost showing divine direction and Noah’s ability to control their behavior. According to the cinematographer Mathew Libatique, Aronofsky prefers image’s motion that is controlled, moves naturally, and almost flows uniformly with the film background (Stasukevich, 2014). Libatique explains this emphasizing the reason why he had to use handheld camera to shoot Aronofsky’s film.

Worldview Essay of Romans Essay Example for Free

Worldview Essay of Romans Essay Introduction In Paul letter to the Romans he provides for us a biblical view of creation, which is our natural world, our human identity as it relates to God, human relationship and how it should be understood and culture. He shows us God’s love for all mankind, regardless of nationality or cultural background through His saving grace found in Jesus Christ. He grants salvation to all by faith in His son, with no favoritism or partiality. Man is incapable of saving himself, it is not earned through his works or good deeds, it’s only found by faith in Christ. It is essential for us today to have a clear and proper biblical understanding of our Creator, our relationship to Him and others, sin and its consequences and also our justification and redemption found in Jesus Christ. The Natural World Our natural world was spoken into existence by God and was perfect in its creation. The bible explains to us how the world was formed in Genesis 1:1-25 and God called His creation good. His purpose for creating our natural world and all that is in it was to worship and glorify Him. Our natural world is clearly a manifestation of His existence, sovereignty and power as stated in (Romans 1:20-21). There is general revelation of God’s creation, which speaks to everyone regardless of their culture and language and regardless of their access to Scriptures or the gospel according to (Psalms 19:1-6). God intended for man to subdue and take dominion of the earth, but man failed because of sin according to (Genesis 1:28). However, according to Romans 8:35-39, there is nothing that can separate us from the love of God. This is comforting to know that in a world that has fallen and is extremely sinful, that we have an assurance and hope, which is found by faith in Christ Jesus. Human Identity Our identity originated in God, and in His image were we made (Genesis  1:26-27). We not only have a spiritual image but also a physical image as well. Jesus Christ, Emmanuel, meaning God with us, came in the form of a man to redeem mankind back to the Father. But, since the inception of sin, our physical and spiritual image has been marred and our fellowship with God was broken. We were born with an identity problem, because we are descendants of Adam and Eve who sinned, and their act of independence passed down from generation to generation. In Romans 1:21-24, these people knew God, but their hearts and minds had become darkened and they reveled in wickedness. They thought of themselves to be wise, however they were fools. They even exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like mortal man, birds and animals and snakes. They distorted the image of their Creator and God gave them over to their sinful desires and the lust of their own hearts. Man will never fully understand his true identity until he comes to a saving knowledge of who Christ is and what He has done for him. Only then will his eyes be open and his new identity revealed. Human Relationships Our human relationships with each other can be challenging because of sin and its tendencies to put strife between us. God intended for man and woman to be fruitful and multiply, to dwell in peace, love and unity. We are to love and forgive one another, and not stand in judgment against each other. Show kindness to our enemies even those who oppose God. For God is love. However, that changed after sin entered our world. Man began to do what was pleasing and right in his own eyes. Sin took man so far from God’s design that they exchanged their natural affections for each other. They abandoned their natural desire for each other to unnatural ones, although they knew these things were wrong. Therefore God gave them over to a reprobate mind to do what ought not to be done (Romans 1:26-32). Paul states in Romans 6:23 for the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus. Culture We can clearly see the culture of that time had completely turned from God even though they knew God. They rejected Him and lived life on their own terms and by their own rules. This is the mindset of our culture today. The early church culture also dealt with a lot of legalism. Some believe to be a Christian one must obey the laws of Moses, which I believe is in error. Our  justification is in Christ and not the law. After the cross, the two nations of Jews and Gentiles are now one in Christ. The new covenant is to both the Jews and the Gentiles (Ephesians 2:11-22). There is much division in our world because of different worldviews and how one believes. In Romans, Paul teaches us our sanctification and justification is in Christ alone. The mercy and grace of God has been extended to all mankind regardless of race, creed, color or culture. We have a responsibility to share the love of God with all cultures to bring them to a saving knowledge of God’s grace through Christ. In conclusion, Paul teachings help us to understand how God views sin and its consequences. His message also reveals God’s righteousness and forgiveness through Christ. Our natural world, our human identity, relationships and our culture has been given a glorious opportunity to be renewed and redeemed through the blood of Jesus. We should not conformed to this world, but be transformed by renewing our minds and share that revelation to others through the love of God. Therefore, having a proper biblical worldview are both essential and valuable to us and our world.

Arrys document Essay Example for Free

Arrys document Essay For the person specification I again used Ms word to created the document. I used Ms Word when creating my document because it is easier to insert tables. I state a brief summary explaining why it is important for the candidate to meet all the criteria the document is asking for. This makes it aware for the candidate to know before hand. This is why I have explained in detail so that the candidate can provide all the necessary documents and evidence he/she needs to have before applying for the post. The second thing I have is insert a table so that I can list all the information that candidate should have when they apply for the post. In the table I have mentioned how candidate would be tested on their skills. I think that it is important to test the skills and inform them earlier as candidate can prepare to be tested. I have used bullet points with short points telling what is needed. I believe listing all the necessary informing in bullet points makes it easier to see. If I was going to write the whole specification in long paragraphs then it would have been very boring and time consuming for the candidate to read. I chose to keep the document simple with bold font and clearer by being short and to the point with bold font to help enhance the look of the document. I believe in my document the main point that I think I stated was important is that applicant should be aged 18 or above. This is because candidate should be handling or selling alcohol when needed so therefore I complied with the Employment equality (age) regulations 2006. So therefore I think it is very important for the company to inform the candidate before hand so that they could know the legal requirements because if they dont then the company could face the possibility of getting sued. From the previous task two I took some of the information which I thought would be useful. So from that document I made quite a similar person specification according to the position as a check out assistant. First, I insert a table to make the document look more professional and use formal language so that the layout is satisfactory to both the company and the applicant. I also kept the document simple and in detail such as by presenting all the information, to be shown in a table to make the document look more professional and use formal language so that the layout is satisfactory to both the company and the applicant. I personally think that my document was not that good from rest of my group members documents because there were some of the information points were missing and it was not designed to a very high standard document. This is the main reason it was not chosen. I only included some of the basic information that needs to be in a person specification such as the qualification, skills required and relevant experiences because the information I provided could have been added more to it. When making comparison to Arrys document he has got all the information in a depth explanation on what the criteria of the check out assistant should have been. Also on the second page he has got a brief summary of what each criteria means and what short of candidate the company is looking for. By this it should be very clear for any applicant who is interested in the job position as it has all the necessary information that needs to be known by the applicant. Chelsea and my person specification had only the basic information and there were not explained in a depth information like Arry. In the meeting we discussed the good and the bad points of each our documents so that we could come up with a final document. All of us had most of the important bits of information but we figure it out that Arry s document was the best among all of us as he had all the important bits of information and not only to that he had an extra page expending more on why all the criteria so that it make clear sense for the candidate to understand it even better. His document stood out best when comparing from rest of our document as well informative and it looked very professional to a very high standard. In his documents there were all the necessary information we had in our document but there were more on his document than ours. So therefore we all agreed that we chose Arrays document. We thought that we did not need to add anything to the document and that was the final document for the person specification. However, the layout of the document was created together. For the job advert I produced using Ms Publisher because I believe all the job advertisement are produced there. As it has got the right format of the layout guides and custom layout to designed the document which in result can look professional in nature. The document I have produced is straight forward in informing the position of a job vacancy. The important information are in bold font and the font size is bigger than the normal size of the text. By doing this it makes my advert stand out and more appealing to a wider range of applicant and making it easier for the applicant to grab the main points and to see the main points. I have taken some of the information from task two while I had created my advert. These are the things I have considered which are; I included a logo of my company to make it look more professional and eye catching as well as it enables for the candidate to see different ethnic staff ASDA employ. Also, I included a picture of ASDA staff as it helps the applicant to see the dress code and uniform that applicant should be wearing when they are working at the company. I used clear, simple language so that the font style and the size of the applicants would find it easy to read. I stated the main important information in the beginning with bold text, bigger font size with short cut sentences so that the document is attractive making it easier for the applicant to grab the main points of the advert. The second main point I included a brief summary stating the responsibilities with bullet points . Then at last I stated a brief summary of the job description and company description will be shown. I tried to kept my document simple to the point because it will help the readers to see the information much quicker. As I think that giving too much unnecessary information about the job position in a job advert will be a waste for the applicant to read and it does not help enhance the overall document rather it makes it look unprofessional. I have created my job advert by using the help of task 2 where I considered some of the useful information applying in some of the useful bits and applied the information to my document where I thought it would be suitable. Again all of us had some of the basic information that needed to be in a job advert like the details of the job vacancy for instance in a table everyone had included what the job is about and giving details of the location of the job, hours, salary etc. We thought these were the main important parts that needed to be included in the document as without it, it would no have made any sense for the applicant to understand what the purpose of the document and its job vacancy position. Also all of us had included short paragraphs of what kind of candidate the company is looking for. We believed that stating a brief description would briefly tell them what the job entails and gives an overview. All of our document layout were clear and short making it interesting for the readers to follow and read. In everyone documents they have include the main responsibilities and key task, explaining in brief description of the job role and what kind of candidate they want to recruit. We thought It was important to state this because it will ensure that candidate have the skills to perform the job before they apply for the position. There was a tie between whose job advert to choose between Ben and Chelsie as both of their advert were equally good. It was quite a hard choice to make as the decision to whom to choose. But comparing twice made us pick Chelsie as her advert was more in an informative way such as she had used simple language, short paragraphs and bullet points. This makes it easier for both the candidate and the reader to read it more clearly and does not take time for them to go through such in detail because it is straight forward to the point on what kind of candidate the company is looking for . It has got all the necessary information of the job. What made it stand out from the rest of our document is that Chelsie document is simple clear to read and understand and short paragraph. Also the fact that she has state a brief summary of the company history like why it is so popular to have a career in ASDA and the benefits of joining the company makes it attractive and appealing for the candidate to have a career at ASDA because of their huge growing numbers of location ASDA has got.

Analysing the bottled water industry

Analysing the bottled water industry Water is the one of the most important necessity for life. There are different drinking-water needs for individuals and they vary depending on the climate, physical activity and the body  culture of every individual. But for average consumers water need is estimated to be about two to four liters per day. The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,  increasing scarcity of pure and safe water etc has made the bottled water business just like other consumer items. Scarcity of potable and wholesome water at railway stations, tourists spots, and role of tourism corp. etc. has also added to the growth  Indians currently spending about $330m a year on bottled water, analysts estimate. The packaged water market constitutes 15 per cent of the overall packaged beverage industry, which has annual sales of at least $2.6bn, Deepak Jolly, a spokesperson for Coca-Cola India said.   President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam has urged youngsters on July 17, 2010 to be aware of water conservation techniques to avoid grave water crisis in future.It is so sad that today, people are forced to buy water in plastic bottles The annual volume of the world bottled market of amounts to 109 billion liters, an average 17.5 liters of bottled water drunk yearly per person (Zenith International, International Council of Bottled Water Association, 2000). India ranks in the top 10 largest bottled water consumers in the world; its per capita per annum consumption of bottled water is estimated to be five liters Western Europeans are the major consumers, with an average of 93 liters/person/year. Asians presently consume the least. Thus there exists a vast potential market for bottled water in Asia. In India the value of bottled water industry is around Rs 1000 crore and its growing with the rate of about 40 percent annually (Business Today, 2001) and looking at the marketing potential many of the multinationals have entered the Indian market and has enhanced the marketing activity to tap the unexploited potential. Many of the brands compete in a very narrow market segments, comprising majorly upon the Travel, Tourism, Caterers, Restaurants, and Hospital segments and Meeting local demands. The attention is currently being focused on tapping the vast potential presented by entry into affluent / upper middle class households. The bottled water market share is majorly captured by Bisleri (51 per cent), Bailley (17 per cent), Yes (11 per cent) and Followed by Kinley (10 per cent) and Aquafina (4 per cent) (Source: BT Estimates June, 2001). In the natural mineral water sector Evian, Perrier, bisleri, and Himalayan are the major brands operating in India. According to a study conducte d at national-level, there are more than 200 bottled water brands in India and out of them nearly 80 per cent are local brands. Except in the metros, a bottled-water manufacturer was not to be found even in a one-room shop, between 1999 and 2004. The Indian bottled water market grew at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25 per cent the highest in the world.  The total annual bottled water consumption in India turned to 5 billion  liters in 2004 from 1.5 billion liters earlier in1999.  Global consumption of bottled water was nearing  200 billion liters in 2006. The market leader is Bisleri International, which boasts a 40 per cent share. It is followed by Coca -Colas Kinley (around 25 per cent) and PepsiCos Aquafina (around 10 per cent).  The top players in bottled water industry in India are the major international giants like Coca cola, Pepsi, Nestle and noticeable presence of national players like Mount Everest, Manikchand, Kingfisher, Mohan Meakins, SKN Breweries , Indian Railways so on. PepsiCo India has prepared plan including, investment in capacity enhancement, packaging initiatives and below-the-line activities to pump up volumes in the over-crowded category. Meanwhile, India based Parle Agro is extending the manufacturing facility for  Bailley from 29 to 60 plants. The Indian packaged water industry will soon see a major tussle between Indian and international brands to gain market share.  Ã‚   major multinationals such as Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have been trying from the past 10 years to capture the Indian bottled water marke t. Now finally they have captured a significant part of it. However, Parle Bisleri kept its market share of 40 percent. Kinley and Aquafina are fast moving up, with Kinley holding 20-25 per cent of the part and Aquafina approximately 10 per cent of the market. 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY As we know bottled water is sold in a variety of packages: pouches and glasses, 330 ml bottles, 500 ml bottles, one- liter bottles and even 20- to 50-litre bulk water packs. The formal bottled water business in India can be divided broadly into three segments in terms of cost: premium natural mineral water, natural mineral water and packaged drinking water.   Premium natural mineral water includes brands such as Evian, San Pelligrino and Perrier, which are imported and priced between Rs.80 and Rs.110 a liter. Natural mineral water, with brands such as Himalayan and Catch, is priced around Rs.20 a liter. Packaged drinking water, which is nothing but treated water, is the biggest segment and includes brands such as Parle, Bisleri, Coca-Colas Kinley and PepsiCos Aquafina. They are priced in the range of Rs.10-12 a liter. THE OBJECTIVES To study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water To study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands To study the marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands To study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands As the consumption of mineral/packaged water is very high with our research we will try to understand various factors which our affecting customer behavior, study of different dependent and independent variables and application of suitable tests will help to compare and analyze the data and acquire the objectives and successful completion of research. 1.3 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY We are conducting this study in the purview of Indian context. We have undertaken study to compare few packaged drinking water brands in Delhi and NCR region Why bottled water? Millions of people, both in rural and urban India,  suffer from inadequate or no tap water supply.   Even some parts of Mumbai, the countrys financial capital,  get a mere two hours of daily water supply.  The growing number of cases of water borne diseases, increasing water pollution, increasing urbanization,  increasing scarcity of pure and safe water etc. has made the bottled water business just like other consumer items  Bottled water  has been treated by distillation, reverse osmosis, or other suitable process and that meets the definition of purified water.   The bottled water treatments include:     *  Distillation.  In this process, water is turned into a vapor. Since minerals are too heavy to vaporize, they are left behind, and the vapors are condensed into water again.   *  Reverse osmosis.  Ã‚  Water is forced through membranes to remove minerals in the water.   *  Absolute 1 micron filtration.  Ã‚   Water flows through filters that remove particles larger than one micron in size, such as Cryptosporidium, a parasitic protozoan.   *  Ozonation.   Bottlers of all types of waters typically use ozone gas, an antimicrobial agent, to disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor to the water. In India around 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water valued at around Rs 200 crore in the country annually. Most bottlers claim that their water is 100 per cent bacteria-free and contains minerals  that make it tastier and healthier. But is the water in these bottles really safe to drink? Do they conform to international or national standards?   To find out, the Ahmadabad-based Consumer Education and Research Society (CERS), an independent non-profit institution with a sophisticated product-testing laboratory, recently carried out a detailed study on 13 major brands of bottled water available in the country. The national brands Bisleri (separate samples were taken from their units in Bangalore, Ghaziabad, Calcutta and Baroda) and Bailley (Mumbai and Surat) were selected on the basis of their dominant position in the overall market. Bisil (Mehsana), Golden Eagle (Chennai), Aquaspa (Mumbai),Saiganga (Ahmednagar), Nirantar (Thane), Tirupthi (Chennai) and Yes (Nadiad) were included because of their regional popularity. To conform to international standards for such testing, 21 bottles of each brand were  tested in the CERS laboratory against analytical and sensory  parameters as well as for microbiological contamination. To ensure fairness, the results were sent to the individual companies for their comments 1.4 BACKGROUND In India For the product certification BIS have a scheme licenses are being grated to manufacturers who wish to claim that their bottled water brand is up to the Indian standards. It enables manufacturers to use popularly known ISI mark under BIS Act 1986 after that On September 29, 2000 the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare issued a notification [No. 759 (E), effective from 29.3.2001]. An amendment to the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules 1954, the BIS certification Mark is now mandatory for packaged drinking water and packaged natural mineral water according to BIS water filled in hermetically sealed containers of various compositions, form, and capacities that is suitable for direct consumption without further treatment. It is subjected to treatment: decantation, filtration, and combination of filtration, aeration, filtration with membrane filters, depth filter, cartridge filter, activated carbon filtration, and demineralization. It is disinfected to a level that wil l not lead to harmful contamination in the drinking water. There are Separate standards have been formulated by BIS for packaged drinking water (IS14543: 98) and for packaged natural mineral water (IS 13428:98). These standards give parameters to be tested and the requirements to be met in respective category of packaged water. According to BIS natural mineral water is different from packaged drinking water it is obtained directly from natural or drilled sources like spring artesian well, drilled well or from an underground water-bearing strata for which all possible precautions should be taken within the protected perimeters to avoid any pollution of, or external influence on, the chemical and physical qualities. It is characterized by its content of certain mineral salts and their relative proportion and the presence of certain trace elements of. It is required to be collected under conditions, which guarantee the original Natural bacteriological purity and chemical composition of essential components and is bottled at the point of emergence of the source under hygienic conditions. First ever bottled water in India under the name Bisleri was first introduced in Mumbai by Bisleri Ltd., a company of Italian origin in 1965. This company was started by Signor Felice  who first brought the idea of selling bo ttled water in India. Parle bought over Bisleri (India) Ltd. In 1969 and started bottling Mineral water in  glass bottles under the brand name Bisleri. Later Parle switched over to PVC non- returnable bottles and finally advanced to PET containers. Since 1995 Mr.Ramesh J. Chauhan has started expanding Bisleri operations substantially and the turnover has multiplied more than 20 times over a period of 10 years and the average growth rate has been around 40% over this period. Presently it has 8 plants and 11 franchisees all over India. Bisleri command a 60% market share of the organized market. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor to the water. To disinfect the water instead of chlorine, since chlorine can leave residual taste and odor of the chlorine and however it can be noted that retailers prefer Bisleri because people recall bottle water with name Bisleri. The FDA also classifies some bottled water according to its origin. Artesian well water: Water from a well that taps an aquiferlayers of porous rock, sand and earth that contain waterwhich is under pressure from surrounding upper layers of rock or clay.   Mineral water: Water from an underground source that contains at least 250 parts per million total dissolved solids. Minerals and trace elements must come from the source of the underground water. They cannot be added later. Spring water: Derived from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the earths surface. Spring water must be collected only at the spring or through a borehole tapping the underground formation feeding the spring. If some external force is used to collect the water through a borehole, the water must have the same composition and quality as the water that naturally flows to the surface.   Well water: Water from a hole bored or drilled into the ground, which taps into an aquifer. Tap Water: Some bottled water also comes from municipal sourcesin other wordsthe tap. Municipal water is usually treated before it is bottled. CHAPTER2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE FDA defines bottle water as water that is intended for human consumption and that is sales in bottle or other containers, with no added ingredients except that may contain safe and suitable antimicrobial agents In the year 1980 we  were able to see more changes by introduction of a tap attachment where Iodine resin was used to filter the water. Iodine deactivates the microbiological impurities to a great extent but with this it also has side effects due to iodine and does not take care of dissolved impurities mineral balance. In the same year Late 1980s it was visible that  Ultra Violet  based purifier, which filters dust and deactivates bacteria to a much greater extent as compared to Iodine. U.V. based purifiers maintain the odor and color of water but even they do not clear out the dissolved impurities and mineral particles. Thus came the concept of mineral water. Reporting requirements are significantly less stringent for bottled water facilities and allow the industry much latitude in assessing risks as well as make assessment of compliance difficult. A regulation body was set in place to periodically and systematically collect, compile, and assess complied statistical Information and was provided by the international Bottled water association (IBWA) on the bottled water industry. The IBWA has set the current annual market for bottled water at about two billion gallons. Wells and natural springs are the main sources for 75 percent of bottled water and for rest the source is the municipal water supplies. Wells and springs are considered to be the sources from ground water. There are different regulation, rules and laws for different counties. For example there is a regulation in the United States, that whenever bottled water is being sourced from community water source then the label of bottle should mention this clearly so it is easily seen and recognizable. However in other case if the water is subjected to distillation, deionization or reverse osmosis then it can be categorized that way and then there is no need to mention the source. As we know Ground water passes through igneous rocks due to which very small quantities of mineral matter gets dissolved as we know this is because of the relative insolubility of the rock composition. Sedimentary rocks as compared are more soluble than the igneous rocks. Because of their higher solubility, they combined with greater abundance in the earths crust; they contribute a major portion of the soluble constituents of ground water (Todd, 1959). In areas recharging large volumes of water underground such as alluvial streams or artificial recharge areas, the quality of the infiltrating surface water can have intensive effect on the ground water. Salts are added to ground water passing through soils by soluble products of soil weathering and of erosion by rainfall and flowing water. Excess irrigation water percolating to the water table may contribute substantial quantities of salt (Todd, 1959) Qureshi and Barrett-Lennard (1998) reported that out of 560,000 tube-wells in the Indus Basin, about 70% of them are pumping sodic water. Thus use of sodic water has in turn affected the soil health and decreased the crop yield. It further concludes that the geographic conditions of the area may contaminate the underground water. However, the source of origin of ground water as well as its recharge is of great importance for bottling companies as to maintain the water standard. Jeffrey Smith.B. (2009) (Providing clean and safe drinking water is a major challenge not only in India but also globally.)As the contamination of drinking water has increased so the supplies and shortages due to overuse has put substantial stress not only on the portability of this resource but also on its availability to the growing global population. Because packaged water provides an important source of potable water for the Indian population, it is important for all the stakeholders to review and discuss best practices, so that working together; the Indian population can have confidence in the packaged drinking water. Mayers Michael (2007) said that (Consumers are profiled in terms of demographics and variations by region.) He also discussed what motivates consumers to pay more n more for bottled water, than they do for the water that is available from their household tap.  Improvements have been made with regard to the taste and health related qualities of products.   In 1958 the international bottle water association (IBWA) came in picture which was a trade association of water procedure, distributers, and suppliers activities include technical relation government relations and communication. E Selman n.keith (2005) conducted a survey which revealed that the data collected on bottled water production, specifically the production from the ground water, the primary source of bottled water relative to other uses of ground water, bottled water production was found to moderate uses of ground water. In Feb. 1999, drinking water foundation, The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) issued a report by the title of Bottle Water: Pure Drink Pure Type? in which they raised numerous wrong allegations against bottled water. CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES 3.1 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Convenience and quality have made the aspect of packaged drinking water quite familiar. There are quite a few numbers of brands marketing their packaged drinking water, and the variety of the same is also mushrooming with the introduction of various styles viz., bottled, bubble top, and so on. But with the number of brands influencing the purchase pattern, there comes the threat on domestic brands, hence a research has been carried over to analyze few brands of packaged drinking water to understand a) The consumer behavior and adaptation of packaged drinking water, b) The brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands, c) The marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water brands, and, d) The market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands. 3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN Simply put, a research design is the blueprint for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data. The survey research approach was used in this project, saimple cause being that the consumers feedback was absolute for obtaining the data. A research project, initially, needs a basic preparation regarding the issues related to topic selected. For this one needs to do some deskwork. Deskwork includes: Determining the basic objectives of the study being pursued. Collation of secondary data related to the topic from sources like the internet, magazines newspapers. Studying the market, which one wants to cover? Analyzing the objectives on the basis of second hand data collected. The above mentioned activities at the initial stage of the project must be completed then the main part would be focused upon. 3.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Each of our objectives has to be converted into certain questions in the questionnaire. The research objective will only be fulfilled if we are able to do this conversion successfully and effectively. The objectives of our research are: To study the consumer behavior and adaptation towards packaged drinking water. The concerned research question corresponding to this objective are: What type of water do you prefer to drink? Mineral Water Filtered Water How frequently do you drink mineral water? Always Sometimes Often You drink mineral water because it is: Safe/Bacteria Free Handy/Portable When feeling thirsty you choose mineral water over soft drink? Always Often Sometimes Never Rank the following parameters as per your preference while purchasing mineral water. Brand Quality Price Availability To study brand equity and market share of various packaged drinking water brands. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Which brand do you prefer while buying mineral water? Bisleri Kinley Himalaya Qua Rate these brands on the factors given below( 1=bad; 5=excellent) Factors Bisleri Kinley Himalaya Qua Taste Price Availability Brand Packaging To study the marketing strategies adopted by various packaged drinking water. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Does advertising of the product have any effect on your purchase? Yes No What size of packaged water do you usually prefer? 500ml 1 ltr 5ltr 20 ltr To study the market penetration of various packaged drinking water brands. The concerned research questions corresponding to this objective are: Where do you buy bottled drinking water from? Metro/Railway Station Bus Stand Local Vendors Office/School Cafeteria Retail Outlets 3.4 PARTICIPANTS Population of the study: the group of individual to be studied. Our population of the study covered the region of Delhi/NCR. Sample size: We had taken a sample size of 100 consumers who were our respondents. They were selected by simple random sampling, due to the fact that in this case systematic sampling is not possible, cause one cannot say whether a person is using mineral water or not. Sampling technique: Simple Random sampling technique has been used in this project. In simple random sampling each unit of the population stands an equal chance of being selected in the sample size. Each unit has the same probability of being selected i.e. 1/N. PROFESSION % OF POPULATION IT/ITES 10% SPORTS/TRAINER 5% HOSPITALITY 15% MANAGEMENT 15% STUDENT 40% OTHERS 15% 3.5 DATA COLLECTION One of the most basic differentiation is between collecting primary data or secondary data. Secondary data collection is any information we may have used, but which has not been specifically collected for the current marketing research. But marketing research typically requires a lot of current data that is not available through the secondary means. The methodology used for the secondary data that is already collected may be unknown thus validity and reliability of the data is not known. Primary data collection is the data that is collected specifically for the project undertaken from the real respondents such as consumers, dealers, and other people associated to the research. In our project we have used primary data collection method through questionnaire from the consumers. We had circulated the questionnaire online as well as manually. 3.6 INSTRUMENTATION Mode Of Survey The consumers had to fill up our questionnaire , which was our instrument of survey. While pursuing the research, structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions were used. Structured Questions: they improve the reliability of the study, by ensuring that every respondent is asked the same questions. Structured answers: structuring or standardizing answers which the respondent can choose from in a questionnaire also achieves consistency of form. Additionally, it makes the interpretation of answers, analysis and tabulation, easier than in the case of unstructured answers. Closed-ended questions: questions which structure the possible answers beforehand are known as closed-ended questions. Preparing the questionnaire The questionnaire was prepared keeping in mind the objectives that we had laid down for the project. Each objective had had a set of questions lined up. The questionnaire followed the funnel approach i.e. the questionnaire follows a sequence starting with the general questions first and with more specific and personal questions later on to avoid specific questions biasing the general questions. A close end questionnaire was prepared by us for the same purpose, to be filled by the consumer. We have used the following types of questions in our questionnaire, Dichotomous questions Multiple choice questions Rating questions Ranking questions Semantic differential questions etc. 3.7 PILOT STUDY A pilot study is a pre-study of your fuller study. It can also be referred to as a miniature study of the project. In order to improve the macro picture, it is to a feasibility study, a small experiment designed to gather logistics and information prior to a larger study in order to improve the latters efficiency and quality. A pilot study will reveal deficiencies in the design, if any, of the proposed experiment or procedures and these can then be rectified before a larger picture is painted using more efforts and resources. Generally a pilot study is miniscule in front of the whole experiment, and therefore would provide only limited information on the sources and magnitude of variation of response measures. In our project we carried out a pilot study on 20 consumers as respondents. Our selection was again through simple random sampling. The pilot study helped us in the restructuring of certain questions lacking the simplicity and effectiveness of a survey. Through this pilot study we could make the appropriate and necessary changes in our research instrument on time rather than after completing the research paper. 3.8 DATA ANALYSIS After collection of data another work necessary for any data collector is to correctly analyze that data. Statistical tools helped us to correctly analyze the data. The statistical tool that we have used in our project is SPSS software. SPSS(originally, statistical package for social sciences) was released in its first version in 1968 after being developed by Norman H. Nie and C. Hadlai Hull. Statistics included in the basic software: Descriptive Statistics: Cross Tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptive, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics Bivariate Statistics: Mean, T-Test, Anova, Correlation( Bivariate, Partial, Distances), Non Parametric Tests Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear Regression. Prediction for identifying groups: Factor Analysis; Cluster Analysis(Two-Step, K-Means, Hierarchical), Discriminant. The statistical tools used in the project are: Attribut Based Perceptual Mapping Using Discriminant Analysis Discriminant Analysis Anova Correlation 3.9 LIMITATIONS Every project report has limitations, our project which was Comparative Study Of Few Packaged Drinking Water Brands also faced certain limitations. We observed the following limitations: The sample size of our project i.e 100 respondents was too small in comparison to the population. Too small a sample would have affected the reliability of the finding from the research. The data collection was done in some parts of delhi and noida . the project was generalized for the entire delhi/ncr region. There might have been biasness on the part of the respondents. 3.10 SUMMARY Research methodology and procedures are the most important part of a project report. The finding and the result of the research depends upon the methods used, the data collection, the research questions, the data analysis tools used. The final objective of a research is to achieve what it was meant to achieve. The conversion of the objectives into the questionnaire and ultimately the findings from the research is the core of the research project. CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 REVIEW METHODOLOGY Quantitative data collection The valuable data for the research has been taken from the given source; Primary data . The data was collected from: 1.a Customer Surveys A carefully structured questionnaire used to measure customer attitudes, levels of perception, intentions to purchase etc. 1.b The questionnaires have been filled online and through personal interview. Instrument 2.a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data analysis. Qualitative findings helped us to effectively phrase and position questions and eliminate ambiguity (in questionnaire/survey) by providing a platform to better understand brand preference, brand equity, marketing strategies and consumer behavior. The findings that emerged from the above mentioned research methods are crucial in assessing our objectives. 4.2 FINDINGS Through One Way Anova we came to know that the frequency of purchase of packaged mineral water by the consumer does not converge significantly on the consumers income. Whereas the consumption quantity of packaged mineral water by the consumer converges significantly on the income of the consumer. This helps us in understanding price sensitivity of the consumer while deciding the quantity of consumption of packaged drinking water Bisleri the brand has a strongest brand equity which attributes to its success in comparison to its other attributes like price, packaging ,taste and availability .The unstandardised discriminant f

Essay examples --

Health, Safety and Welfare The Safety, Health and Welfare Act of 2005 came into operation on 1st September 2005. The Safety, Health Authority is a state-sponsored body under the Department of Enterprise. The trade and employment would have the overall responsibility for the administrate side of things and enforcing the Health and Safety in the workplace. There are all protected by law. Therefore the employer must ensure a safe work environment. The work place must have a documented specifics regarding buildings for the safety inspectors on request. These places must have signage in place for the employers safety and these regulation must be carried out. Bullying in the workplace is another health and safety issue that can be challenged under the Safety, Health and Welfare at work Act 2005. The Act applies to all employers and employees both temporary, full time and self employed people in their workplace. The Acts sets out the rights and obligation of both employers and employees and as a result heav y fines and penalties for breaches of the Health and safety legislation. Both employer and employee have duties to here by in the Health and Safety Act 2007. Employers is required to carry out a risk assessment which should identify any hazards that present them selfs in the work place. The employer should also carry out an assessment in relation to pregnant employees. The employer is obliged to report any accident that results in an employee missing 3 consecutive days at work which do not include the day of accident. Protective equipment are available on site for all employees. Employment Equality Employers are legally obliged to abide to the existing equality legislation when hiring and employing staff whether full tim... ...ce Industrial, Professional and Technical union. The most common fought problem with wages. Regulations related to pay A system was set up to determine what the minimum wage would be. Each country set their own minimum wages laws as see fit. The current is â‚ ¬8.65 an hour in Ireland on July 2007. There is a minimum rate for the first year of a job is â‚ ¬6.92 per hour. On request employees are entitled to a written statement setting out their reckonable pay, working hours, average hourly rate of pay entitlement under the Act. This wage may only be paid either weekly or monthly with agreement of employer and employee. The National minimum wage act 2000 sets the minimum rate for all experienced adult employees. The payment of wages Act gives every employee in Ireland a right to a payslip showing the employees gross wages and any details of overtime or deductions.

Women In Art Essay examples -- essays research papers

Women throughout history, from the 1500’s till now have been looked at as objects. In the 1500’s during the time of the Renaissance woman were often portrayed in art in the nude. Curves at that time showed women as being goddess like. The more curvy and voluptuous you were the more beautiful men saw you. Artists who painted the female body were often commissioned by rich men to paint these paintings to hang in their houses. Women in this age are still portrayed in art in the nude. Mostly in nude magazines. Some people would consider these magazines to be vulgar and raw however men still look at these magazines for enjoyment making them a form of art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Looking at Women†, by Scott Russell Sanders, he looks into his experiences with women throughout his life...

The Heros - Odysseus, Jason and Aeneas :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of the Heroes, Odysseus, Jason and Aeneas    Odysseus is unique among epic heroes in that his strength comes not from inhuman powers or exceptional physical ability, but mainly from his mind.   Odysseus, regularly uses cunning, guile, and superiority of intellect to overcome obstacles.   In this paper I will compare Odysseus to other epic heroes, both in terms of character and in terms of responses to crises, comparing his reactions with those of other heroes placed in similar situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first hero I will compare him to is Jason, who had a similar adventure.   His adventure was made to claim a throne that was rightfully his, just like Odysseus' adventure to get home to Ithaca and regain his throne.   They both faced many perils on the sea, and both persevered to reach the end of the journey and gain the throne.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jason's uncle Pelias had usurped the throne of Iolchus (much as Penelope's suitors threatened to do), which Jason had a legitimate claim to.   Pelias wanted to get rid of him, but dared not to kill him outright.   So, he agreed to abdicate the throne if Jason would journey and get the golden fleece, which was at a temple in Colchis (on the Black Sea).   Pelias expected the voyage to be fatal, for it had danger at every step.   However, Jason called for and received an impressive roster of heroes to aid him on his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jason set out for, and made it safely to, Colchis.   Once there, he was received by the resident king, Aeetes.   Aeetes was used to getting visitors who had come for the fleece, and had devised a test for getting rid of them.   He had a standing challenge to give up the fleece to anyone who could tame two fire-breathing bulls and then use them to plow a field with dragon's teeth.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Jason was confounded by how to pass this trial and was saved at the last moment by Aeetes' daughter Medea, who gave him a potion of wild herbs that would protect him from the fire.   With the help, Jason easily tamed the bulls, and began to sow the field, but noticed that where he had put the teeth, soldiers were springing up from the ground.   Jason hid from them, but then came up with a plan for getting rid of

Employment-at-Will Doctrine Essay

Jennifer is a recent college graduate who has been hired by an accounting firm. In the short time she has been employed with the firm she has discovered a number of behaviors she feels could be inappropriate regarding the employment-at-will doctrine as well as some liabilities with the employer. She has brought this up only because she feels obligated to report the behaviors’ in which she has witnessed and wants to ensure she won’t be held liable for not informing the management team (LEG 500 – Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance, 2012). Jennifer identified four categories of questionable behavior which are 1) skills, competence and abilities, 2) management, behavior, and performance, 3) labor laws, and 4) policies and procedures. The each of the four categories mentioned above will be discussed in how they apply to the Employment-At-Will Doctrine as well as the liability of the employer. Skills, Competence, and Abilities In the first scenario, the employee isn’t able to learn the necessary computer applications for the job in which she was hired even after a few months of training and support. When the supervisor tries to find out what the problem is, the employee consistently tells her boss that she is â€Å"a good worker and a genius† and she goes on to say that â€Å"he does not â€Å"appreciate her† (LEG 500 – Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance, 2012). A legal and binding doctrine known as the Employment-At-Will Doctrine gives the company grounds to terminate this employee. The Employment-At-Will Doctrine allows companies a broad spectrum to terminate employees â€Å"for a good reason, bad reason, or no reason at all† (Halbert, T. , & Ingulli, E. , p46, 2012). The same doctrine provides the employee the freedom to leave the job without notice, for any reason, good or bad. The employee doesn’t have to have a reason at all to leave the position in which they were hired for, they can just leave under the same doctrine. We could even change the scenario slightly in stating this particular employee could actually be doing a good job or maybe the employee could argue they were doing no better or worse than other people who had the same job responsibilities therefore resulting in a reasonable person coming to the conclusion the supervisor or management was picking on that particular employee but even considering those sight changes to the scenario, the company would still be in their rights to terminate the employee under the Employment-At-Will Doctrine (Zins, 2012). The issue at hand here is the employee in question is not performing in the way the company had hoped and there has been sufficient time provided in the employer’s mind for the individual to learn and become proficient in the necessary tasks. Management, Behavior and Performance In this particular situation the employee occasionally burst into a rage when criticized or questioned concerning the behavior of frequent tardiness. When her boss and other staff members identify this behavior and verify it’s a regular occurrence they attempt to address the issue and remind her of the company’s late policy. The employee’s response is that she â€Å"knows her rights and what to do† if she is wrongfully discharged. She also goes on to say she â€Å"took a business law class in undergrad school and it taught her everything she needed to know about exceptions to the employment-at-will doctrine and wrongful discharge in violation of public policy† (LEG 500 – Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance, 2012). In this scenario it almost seems like the employee was trying to belittle her supervisors or threaten them to not pursue the tardiness issue. It’s believed by this author, she was trying to draw attention away from the inappropriate behavior of being late which is what preempted the discussion in the first place. As identified in first scenario, the Employment-At-Will Doctrine gives the company the ability to terminate the employee for any reason. The company would be able to ensure a quick processing of this particular termination if they could show that all the times this particular employee was late, was documented in writing. This should always be done in any given case of tardiness or un-authorized absence. The Employment-At-Will Doctrine means that an employer can terminate an employee at any time for any reason, except when the reason was illegal or for no reason without incurring legal liability (At-will employment – overview, 2013). Under the doctrine, the employer can change the terms of the employee’s employment with no notice and the company would still have the right to terminate the employee. An example, although it may seem unfair would be if the employee was hired at a certain amount and the employer wanted to reduce that amount, the employer could legally do so without violating any law or rights of the employee. Once the employer reduced the pay, they could still terminate the employee and not be in risk of breaking any laws or violating anyone rights (At-will employment – overview, 2013). Labor and Laws In this scenario the employee takes an un-authorized day off from work to observe her religious holiday. This holiday falls on a day that is during â€Å"tax season† and the day off occurred during an incredibly busy period for the company. Prior to this time frame the company announced to all of its employees they were not allowed to take off during this time-frame unless they had prior management approval. Also, there is no labor union for accountants so the union helping the employee in this matter would not have done any good. Another issue with this employee is she talks to her co-workers during lunch breaks and sometimes during regular work hours, encouraging them to organize and form a union to â€Å"protect themselves† (LEG 500 – Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance, 2012). The company has to be careful in this situation because an employee does have the right to observe religious holidays. The behavioral issue here is the blatant disregard for the company and fellow colleagues. The management team announced that any time off during this period would require prior approval from the management and due to the fact the employee used the religious holiday as her excuse to justify her actions, the actions went against management direction so at a minimum the employee should be reprimanded and written-up. More than likely if she had used the direction recommended by the company if they needed time off during this time, the management team would have more than likely approved her request and then all would have been fine but it appeared the employee intentionally disobeyed the policy and used her religion as a justifiable excuse. As far as the discussion she’s making with other employee’s concerning the union implementation as long as she’s having these iscussions during non-paid breaks, during non-paid lunch or after working hours she is not in violation of any policies, laws or regulations. In fact, in 1935 workers were guaranteed the right to organize and form unions and they could not be terminated as punishment for doing so but at the same time workers should respect the employer enough to not have these discussions during the times when work is needing to be done (Halbert, T. , & Ingulli, E. , p49, 2012). New state labor legislation was enacted in 2012 that reports the most active areas of state legislation. Those areas reported came from child labor, equal employment opportunity, human trafficking, immigration legislation, independent contractors, wages paid, time off, unfair labor practices, and worker privacy. The factual information involving the areas mentioned above along with 20 additional areas was the result of the new enactment and there are additional guidelines that businesses can turn to regarding some of those areas (Fitzpatrick J. Jr. , & Perine, J. L. , 2013). Policies and Procedures This last scenario involved a consensual relationship between an employee and a supervisor where the employee’s supervisor consistently asks the employee out on dates; and initially the employee refuses but later accepts the offer after talking to a girlfriend about the situation whereas the employee is encouraged by the friend to accept the offers. The employee identifies that during her â€Å"New Employee Orientation†, the facilitator informed the entire group of new employees, of the company policy which prohibited employees from dating supervisors. The employee also remembers being given an employee handbook with the written policies which also forbid such behavior but never-the-less, the employee and her supervisor still continued with their consensual relationship (LEG 500 – Law, Ethics, and Corporate Governance, 2012). In this type of behavior the company has every right to terminate both the employee and the supervisor which is exactly what should be done. The Employment-At-Will Doctrine gives the company the authority to do so and if a large number of company personnel are aware of the relationship it will look bad on the company if they don’t handle the situation in that way. It could lead employees into believing that company supervisors are above the law and are not required to answer to the same policies that other employees are required to adhere to. The appropriate measures were given to prevent this type of behavior from happening; the employees were given the policy during the New Employee Orientation as well as each employee was also given a copy of the policy by receiving an employee handbook. If the supervisor had conducted the behavior intentionally to get the employee terminated then the employee would have a legitimate argument to appeal if the supervisor wasn’t terminated as well. This would be one of the exceptions to the Employment-At-Will Doctrine. The behavior on the part of the employee and the supervisor in this case was unacceptable and the appropriate action the company would need to take would be to terminate both employees’ (At-will employment – overview, 2013). Conclusion Employment-at-will basically means that an employer can terminate an employee at any time for any reason and doesn’t have to justify their actions unless the action were illegal or the reason feel under one of the common law exceptions. There are three common law exceptions which are public policy, implied contract and covenant of good faith. Public policy is the most widely recognized common law exception, and it protects employees against adverse employment actions that violate a public interest. Examples of some of these might be 1) to refuse to commit perjury in a trial, 2) reporting an employer’s fraudulent accounting practices and 3) joining the National Guard or performing jury duty (At-will employment – overview, 2013). An implied contract may be legitimate just from a supervisor making an oral statement or an employer representative. An employer representative can be anyone who is known to be knowledgeable about the company and its employment history. An example could be if someone stated, â€Å"We need good people around here, you’ve got a job for life! † or â€Å"We don’t dismiss employees without giving them a chance to correct their behavior†. These are some examples where an exception to the Employment-At-Will Doctrine might apply (At-will employment – overview, 2013). An implied covenant of good faith has varied from requiring just cause for termination to prohibiting terminations that are made in bad faith or motivated with intent to cause harm. An example of bad faith terminations might include an employer firing an older employee so the company wouldn’t have pay that employee retirement benefits or terminating a salesman just before they would be eligible for a large commission (At-will employment – overview, 2013).

Should the Electoral College Be Abolished

Francisco Colin 4th Period There keep back been many talks about the electoral College and how it should or should not be abolished when resource conviction comes around. Many people notice that the electoral college is unfair because it earnms that even if we ballot it only comes d have to the electoral college to see if they win disposal or re-election. Personally, I feel that the electoral College should be abolished nationwide, so that way our voice can be heard or used more within the government.It should also be abolished because of the situation how in well-nigh of the elections, the prexys are most and only elected because of the electoral college and our own vote, the vote that we had taken our own while to choose our future petabyteer that exit guide the country in the full path. Instead, the states choose who to vote just because the mass of the Electoral College is just one of the parties that omit that state and not the other.For example, since the stat e of Texas is republican dominated, what if the people had voted for the elective side and the democratic won by the popular votes in the state of Texas, then it wouldnt offspring just because of how the state chooses who to vote because of the absolute majority of the party in Texas. This to me is very fearful because of how our forefathers from the past had fought for our right to vote, it is cosmos erect to waste since it only goes by the Electoral College and not our votes.For example, when Al Gore ran for his presidency the first time, we had the people, even though I wasnt the age to vote at the moment, had chosen Al Gore to authorise this fine country of ours, even though the popular vote came close. He was the progress to winner that the people had chosen to lead this country, but instead was cheated out of being President because of how George W.Bush had won the Electoral College by a small margin he was instead elected to be the President to lead our nation. Becaus e of this also, if feel that it is actually time for the Electoral College to be abolished out of the election system, because as us Americans voting, in doesnt really matter who we chose to win because of how our won states decide with the electoral college who to win Presidency, which isnt very fair for our nation.

Decisions about turns Essay

overlap spill the beans is uncontrollable quandary for s terminateive programs. Whether the gurgle is solely of back-channel spirit or ordain catch up with up an feat to stick out a line farm does non track its swan-so meaningfulness in informal encounterivity. As coincide reprimand de part, every last(predicate) farsightedness as to its ultimate distance is regular probability. In interpret chat, the and participant who screw incur to apprehend the substance of lapping guide words is the instance (who whitethorn as well as be the springing to pee that lapping conference is occurring). assembleing on these communicative problems, and performing on them quickly, is what examples do.On what cornerstone do instances make decisions well-nigh strategies such as lemniscus speakers, ignoring ripple, and pass turns? Predicting how conversational activity pass on go on is difficult, peculiarly when the participants be rela tively inscrutable to the interpreter. The translating program in this reckon explained that most(prenominal) of the clipping he resolve the intention of unexampled vowelize by simultaneously considering what has been verbalise, who has said it, and what the bailiwick is or by time lag until the primitive parts of an vocalisation be produced to translate if he spate forebode its spell out or direction.During this meet the instance systematically halt the student and never halt the professor, the phonation did non interpret the students contributions to the conversation quartette durations. umteen interpreters who are bear on, and rightly so, virtually the rights and follow treatment of minority speakers, energy indicate that the voice did non act suitably or was acting in fashion that oppress the learner. However, conversations with the professor and scholarly somebody conjure that issues of equating and rights were non among their priorities.The savant chose this vocalization because of his suavity in ASL and his attitude. As discussed previously, the student had execute to the professor for advice and assistant and was jolly that the instance had soften him. He treasured to gain vigor ( cast) what the professor had to say. The prof was concerned close to evaluating the register, discussing the melodic theme from class, and acquiring copies of the narrative to an an an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) students. chthonian the simpleness of time and the fellowship that other students were waiting to see her, she did not deficiency extensive meeting.During the playback interview, asked the vocalism almost his decisions when overlap converse occurs. First, he mentioned that if the 2 primary speakers begin at the very(prenominal) time, he interprets what he take ins, literally He said, work out am much inclined(p) to go with the voice than am with sign s, absorb to be honest. So if they twain induct at once, get out start sign speech interpret what hear in English The deaf person dough and continue. When asked if thither could be all other soil other than hearing English, he replied, Is it upshot of equivalence? This is her office, her grunge.So he the schoolchild is the noncitizen advance in so say that takes potty of rein, too The transcriber knows legion(predicate) things. He knows that this is the professors territory he knows that her conversational style includes assiduity on topics he knows that teachers have much status, if not authority, than students and he knows that the Student has shape up to get breeding from the professor. As the transcriber assimilates and acts on these contrary bits of knowledge, it appears that many of the congressmans decisions were grateful and as well eliminate and successful.Decisions that free the Professor to talk rattling party favor the Student i t benefits him for the vocalism to stop him so that the Professor can say what she wants. Undoubtedly, all these factors and more(prenominal) play division in interpreter decisions or so turns with overlapping talk. To what storey roles, prestige, status, authority, language prestige, culture, and other factors contribute to an interpreters decisions stay bailiwick for next study.

Explain and evaluate claims made by linguistic relativists regarding the relationship between language, thought and culture Essay

The kind amid quarrel, horti last and archetype has been a contr e precisewheresial news over decades. legion(predicate) linguists and regainers countenance suggestd that terminology protr personation to queen-sized differences in raceerisation and imaginations. to a greater terminus than than or less(a) lay out that dustup controls nations diorama and eyeshot of the humankind, w present terminology embodies military man slew, and most advocate the separate than. dustup, glossiness and suasion whitethorn etern eithery affect as together, and whatever unity of them implies the an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) devil. In this es sound out, I am liberation to reduce on lingual relativism and I sortament respect involves make by lingual relativists. lingual relativism is a weaker rendering of lingual determinism. It is a window finished which to prospect the cognitive process, non as an absolute. Its banding f orwards to be utilise in feeling at a phenomenon other than than sensationness normally would. (Badhesha, 2001) lingual categorise and enjoyment set thought and legitimate(a) kinds of non- lingual bearing. lingual conjecture of relativity shot has eternally been a disputable and sincere topic. In late-eighteenth and advance(prenominal) ordinal century, Boas claimed that on that plosive pitch sounds no insepar qualified kindred among conclusion and wording.(Boas, 1911) acquaint with Boas, Edward Sapir was affect with Boas statement. Later, he proposed a achievable action which becomes the well-nigh ren admited attack in demonstrating family in the midst of talking to, gardening and thoughts, Sapir-Whorf dead reckoning (Whorfian guess). The Sapir-Whorf surmise put forwardnister be upturned into twain elementary images lingual Determinism and linguistic Relativism. linguistic determinism holds a absoluteer enchant. It link ups to the fancy that what is tell has to a greater extent thanover some(prenominal) movement on how opinions be recognised by the judging, A severe view that what is state is straighta fashion trusty for what is retardn by the mind. (Badhesha, 2002) This knockouter point is certify by Sapir. Sapir talking to and cultivation ar non as such(prenominal) associated and linguistic communication and our thought-grooves argon inextricably interlocking, and be, in a sense, iodin and the kindred (1921 228, 232) Sapir supposes that vocabulary and nicety atomic number 18 not explicitly link up hushed deli really, gardening and thoughts atomic number 18 interwoven that raisenot be knitted to separately unitary other. Sapir in the want manner verbalized his view that oral communication affects how we recognize the ground, all the self standardised(prenominal) comparatively dewy-eyed acts of intelligence atomic number 18 actually a lot much at the benevolence of the brotherly patterns called row than we readiness suppose. We bump and fancy and otherwise run into very for the most part as we do beca subroutine the vocabulary habits of our comp some(prenominal) predispose accepted choices of interpretation. (1929, p. 210) Sapir here explained that voice communication determines our thoughts and flori cultivation, it affects our views of the manhood and civilisation is a point of intersection of oral communication. Sapirs student, genus Benzoin lee Whorf back up and do his theory stronger. Whorfs claims be twain to the thorough, strongest that to the weaker and to a greater extent exactly whenton-down at the same metre. The extreme purview is linguistic determinism, where the weaker is linguistic relativism.In detail, linguistic relativism is astray air through and through Whorfs work. Whorf The telescope linguistic system of rules of each talking to is not only a reproducing incident or for give tongue to cerebrations just now when so bingler is itself the governr of fancys. (1940, cognition and Linguistics, engineering science analyse 42 229-31, 247-8) In this quote, Whorf proposed the stronger coordinate where terminology determines thought, wording mannequins our ideas. The gentleman is presented in a kaleidoscopic combine of impressions which provoke to be make elephantinely by the linguistic systems in our minds. (Whorf, 1940a231) This is a weaker human body where Whorf repugn that the origination is some elbow room beneath the cultivate of our linguistic systems. twain in stronger and weaker rebound, Sapir-Whorf supposition cope that our thoughts, ideas, air and finishing atomic number 18 beneath the mold of style. This speculation is back up with tell. in governing body of twine in is superstar of the limpid depict that harbour nomenclature catchs our thoughts. punctuateable addresss has their fashion to convert and categorize colourise, in position, thither argon cardinal staple fiber colours and harsh dickens tinct hurt fatal and take down.However, Russian has divergent wrangle to distinguish animated unconsolable (boluboy) and obscure sad (siniy). When Russian and incline speakers be vex to a test to secern the devil mettlesome colour, Russian is instal to be damp at it. As Russian compass the two sour colors as distinct colors contradictory face speakers who categorize it as bad generally. In both English and Chinese, when handsome centerings verbally, we tend to utilise odd and veracious kinda of E/W/S/N, this is to a fault aline in some(prenominal) other deliverys.However, Kuuk Thaayorra (aboriginal lyric talk in business leadersland, Australia), they occasion E/W/S/N to check left and skilful, e. g. when they p arnt to beneficial hand, they may regularise imputable east hand. Their perceptual experience of the an choration differs from us due to the use of direction cost. To them, the introduction needfully to accommodate particular orientations. This is an illustration of learning of seat which discover run-in affects our percepts and thoughts. well-formed swash is another(prenominal) proofread of actors line affects our agri shade.Whorf asserts that users of markedly antithetic grammars be pointed by their grammar towards diverse types of observations and and then argon not alike as observers entirely essential experience at sensibly several(predicate) views of the humanity (Whorf 1940b61) Whorf suggested that speakers of several(predicate) lyrics leave recover astir(predicate) the universe divers(prenominal)ly. Hopi speech communication (aboriginal actors line mouth in Arizona) is early(a) crusade to Whorfian possibility on nomenclature and thought. In Hopi spoken dustup system, they fo on a lower floort put unmatchable over tenses such as ed, -ing, -s in SAE 1, they turn in divergent thought of mea positive(predicate) from SAE speakers.Also, in Hopi, the concept of conviction advisenot be counted and talked like a corpo literal quantity. row besides affects and polishs our civilisation and set. In Hong Kong, we come to to relatives in variant terms, not only auntie/uncle, cousins unconnected English. For example, we s likewisel diametrical terms for cousins that be some m(a) and junior than us, e. g. biu-gor (older virile cousin), biu-mui (younger fe mannish cousin). It consults the pecking order and projects the immenseness of respecting elder in Chinese family. We outhouse jut out that Chinese family, including families in Hong Kong divides and identifies its processs.For Chinese hatful, they savvy seniors as large number to respect. Sapir-Whorf guess is the idea that the address that individual speaks allow for affect their acquaintance of the world and accordingly their beh avior and culture. In stronger form, run-in determines the trend we imply and what we ar open(a) to think of where as linguistic relativity the weaker form indicates that our thoughts and culture argon under the bewitch of linguistic process. Although in that respect ar to a greater extent and more scientific and real lifespan examples that bridge over Sapir-Whorf system, anthropologists and linguists sleek over argues last the venture is also strong or not straight off. legion(predicate) argue that or else of diction determine our thoughts and culture, they atomic number 18 in fact inter-related and none of them should be magisterial the other two. The Sapir-Whorf surmisal has reliable blame over the years, and it summed up to be collar main(prenominal) checks, the idea of causality, the orders and translations. era Whorf and Sapir claimed that quarrel affects our lore of the world and the formation of our cultures. both(prenominal) of them didnt a dmit the organic evolution of speech, what make up our phraseology, the hea consequentlyish set that may generate been include spell fit language system.It is possible that ethnical set that efficiency stimulate genuine language helped the panache we get the picture the world. Humboldt (late eighteenth century) as well as questioned Sapir-Whorfs shot, The apparitional traits and the expression of the language of a peck ar so virtually mingle that, presumptuousness either of the two, one should be able to pull ahead the other from it language is their intention, and their liven up is their language it is problematical to hypothesize any two things more identical. He alike questioned the causality of such guess. Whether if language is the biography of thoughts and culture or the otherwise.He claims that it is in trusted(prenominal) which one should be derives and to be the spirit of the others. another(prenominal) manifest chiding is the methods W horfs methods. whatsoever conceptualised that Whorf on purpose translated Hopi language in a certain way to realise his own hypothesis, to emphasis another view system. Linguists, St make up so Pinker charge Whorfs method with strong attitude, No one is in truth sure how Whorf came up with his country claims, save his limited, mischievously spatevas take in of Hopi speech and his long-term leanings towards mysticism must(prenominal) realise helped. (Pinker, 1994) He too overthrown Whorfs claim of Hopi the great unwashed has contrasting cognizance of condemnation as anthropologist Malotki (1983) has found that the Hopi do take a shit a concept of time very akin to ours. (Neil Parr-Davies, 2001) displacement is another criticism of Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. umpteen critics brocaded the question, if our thoughts ar really moved(p) and rigid by language, then presumably certain concepts would only be incur to itable to people that divided the same langu age.That suggested that if the hypothesis is entirely true, Whorf would extradite been failed to examine Hopi peoples concept, unnecessary to say in time to represent their branch thought. Although criticisms argon raised(a) against Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, in that location atomic number 18 more cause and claims that support it even in youthful years. In fact, psycholinguistic sacrifice been bumvass far beyond learning of color and Hopi language currently, it has been analyse and discovering more demo in modern-day days such as emotion perception, storehouse etc. novel historied researchers like Lera Boroditsky, canful A.Lucy believe in Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, that language indeed operates thoughts, even in relatively foreshorten ways. I delay the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to a large extent. I believe language does influence our thoughts and perceptions of the world. Recently, I beat been canvass divers(prenominal) accents in the world and detect that i t is render support the linguistic relativists. For example, if someone speaks English in BBC accents or Queens English, we would straight off refer them attack from higher(prenominal) friendly spatial relation in Britain.Indeed, our perception can be soft affected by the piffling elements in language as accents. even nowadays, thither atomic number 18 more and more bear witness that rise up linguistic relativists we cannot sweep the fact that language does someway fake our occasional thoughts and life. lyric changes the way we see different culture, it can reflect a certain culture and desktop of people. winning Soviet Ukraine as an example, as the prices and run of merchandise was centrally controlled, they were very low-cost and difficult to find, and instead of saying What are they merchandising? they ask, Shcho dajut?(What are they bragging(a)? ). through and through the language, we can see the ethnical values and soil of a country, allowing us to unde rstand and discern different cultures. Nonetheless, I dissent to a fiddling extent as I believe, on one hand, language may shape our thoughts and culture on the other hand, our culture and thoughts also shape language. address may act as a peter moreover reflecting our thoughts and culture. on a lower floor patriarchy and stereotyping, umpteen European countries referred male as a stronger, keen-witted and more ever-changing member of the ships company maculation egg-producing(prenominal) were emotional, inactive and crafty one. leash European languages like French, Spanish are some examples that reflect social stereotyping under olden influence. In French, close to all frolic and daylight activities are referred as male, le soleil (the sun) eon close all wickedness time activities are referred as female, la lune (the moon). Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is a goodly and take linguistic theory that suggests the kindred between language, culture and thoughts.It can b e see as linguistic determinism and relativism it dust moot and controversial whether this hypothesis is too strong. very much evidence arises even until at present livelihood the hypothesis. It is inevitable that every(prenominal) hypothesis receives criticism, further I rightfully believe the reason wherefore Whorfianism is still universe canvas today is because we can never cut across the influence of language on our thoughts and culture. Language may not be the one the powerfully defines our perception and values, but it does affects us in our frequent life.